tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3401520727087811682024-02-20T09:20:27.292-08:00ESPAÇO DA QUÍMICAQUÍMICAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14749727747699487606noreply@blogger.comBlogger4125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-340152072708781168.post-69940277365348053962013-02-02T03:28:00.000-08:002013-02-03T06:10:17.833-08:00HOMENAGEM AO MESTRE<iframe src="http://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/16297204" width="427" height="356" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" style="border:1px solid #CCC;border-width:1px 1px 0;margin-bottom:5px" allowfullscreen webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen> </iframe> <div style="margin-bottom:5px"> <strong> <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/josevika/homenagem-ao-mestre-16297204" title="Homenagem ao mestre" target="_blank">Homenagem ao mestre</a> </strong> from <strong><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/josevika" target="_blank">josevika</a></strong> </div>
Estes slides foram produzidos e apresentado por mim num seminário educacional, onde teve como objetivo, mostrar, como a educação cristã está relacionada com a educação verdadeira.QUÍMICAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14749727747699487606noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-340152072708781168.post-24130183400081201372013-01-15T09:03:00.003-08:002013-01-15T09:03:41.859-08:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/siqGvzjhaJk?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
SÃO PAULO-CAMPEÃO SUL AMERICANA 2012: Kd o adversário??? O vídeo mostra quando o tricolor, ganhando de 2x0 no primeiro tempo, saiu do campo e, voltando do intervalo, o time argentino não apareceu. Pode??????QUÍMICAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14749727747699487606noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-340152072708781168.post-25118048109058903012013-01-14T12:34:00.000-08:002013-01-15T08:47:00.549-08:00ARIQUEMES<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLZb_gr7vRSZioFyW43wRfbeEH7t1aoIK07QtGcVn6OErY1pvgSvE6t5QZB1TaN7a_8qkQPkthrO519QsSoo7nvttb6P8JBQYA8-UJGPFH8JtujXTiY7sCsn0dpyJa6wJXH-hBCHO6-BB4/s1600/descarga.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLZb_gr7vRSZioFyW43wRfbeEH7t1aoIK07QtGcVn6OErY1pvgSvE6t5QZB1TaN7a_8qkQPkthrO519QsSoo7nvttb6P8JBQYA8-UJGPFH8JtujXTiY7sCsn0dpyJa6wJXH-hBCHO6-BB4/s1600/descarga.jpg" /></a></div>
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Ariquemes-RO-Localizada aproximadamente a 200 km de Porto Velho, possui infra-estrutura de causar inveja a qualquer que alí passa ou se aloja. Possui uma das maiores árvores de Natal da Região Norte; instalada em uma praca, onde as pessoas além de fazerem suas caminhadas, se deliciam com o verde e lazer. . Dotada de um rebanho bovino forte e sadio, atingindo exportacão, suas rezes também são alvo de inveja. A cassiterita também faz parte destas atividades alimentando o comércio local, que causa orgulho a todos.</div>
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Aqui um pouquinho de <b>ARIQUEMES</b></div>
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<strong><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/josevika/ariquemes-15992384" target="_blank" title="Ariquemes">Ariquemes</a> </strong>from <strong><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/josevika" target="_blank">josevika</a></strong> </div>
<iframe src="http://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/15992384" width="427" height="356" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" style="border:1px solid #CCC;border-width:1px 1px 0;margin-bottom:5px" allowfullscreen webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen> </iframe> <div style="margin-bottom:5px"> <strong> <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/josevika/ariquemes-15992384" title="Ariquemes" target="_blank">Ariquemes</a> </strong> from <strong><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/josevika" target="_blank">josevika</a></strong> </div>QUÍMICAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14749727747699487606noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-340152072708781168.post-30537611234514200932010-10-05T18:05:00.000-07:002013-01-15T11:05:19.542-08:00QUESTÕES DO ENEM<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><b>Olá alunos, </b></span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><b>Disponibilizei aqui 19 questões para vocês.</b></span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><b>Aproveitem para estudar.</b></span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><b>*** NAO ESQUEÇAM:</b></span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><b>"DE QUÍMICO E LOUCO, CADA UM TEM UM POUCO" (Prof Zeca)</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">1-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> A destruição do World Trade Center, <personname productid="em Nova Iorque" w:st="on">em Nova Iorque</personname>, espalhou poeira contendo amianto, uma fibra natural também conhecida como asbesto, utilizada na estrutura para conter incêndios. Sabe-se que o pó de amianto é cancerígeno e pode, no futuro, causar doenças nas pessoas que o respiraram. Quimicamente o amianto é formado por silicatos hidratados de cálcio e magnésio. Sobre o amianto, é correto afirmar que ele é:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">a)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Um composto covalente</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">b)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Uma substância simples.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">c)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Uma mistura tipicamente molecular</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">d)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Um sal orgânico</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">e)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-small; height: 665px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 7px; position: absolute; width: 674px; z-index: -1;"></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Uma mistura de compostos iônicos e covalentes</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">2-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> O movimento dos elétrons numa molécula pode formar dipolos instantâneos em certa molécula e dipolos instantâneos na vizinha, com sinais opostos, resultando numa atração molecular (forças de Van der Waals). Quanto maior o número de elétrons em uma molécula, maiores serão as forças de Van der Waals. Certas moléculas contendo hidrogênio e elementos eletronegativos [eletronegatividades: F (4,0), O (3,5), CI (3,0), I (2,5), Se (2,4)] unem-se uma às outras através de pontes de hidrogênios. São as forças de Van der Waals e, principalmente, as pontes de hidrogênio que contribuem acentuadamente para o elevado ponto de ebulição de certos compostos. Dentro desse contexto, sob mesma pressão, o ponto de ebulição do (a):</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">I.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">H<sub>2</sub>O deve ser maior que o do H<sub>2</sub>Se.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">II.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">H<sub>2</sub>Se deve ser maior do que o do HI.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">III.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">HCI deve ser maior do que o do HF</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Dessas afirmações, somente:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">a)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">I é correta d) I e III são corretas</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">b)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">II é correta e)II e III são corretas</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">c)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">III é correta.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">3-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> Um funcionário de uma empresa de limpeza dispunha de dois produtos para o trabalho “pesado”: soluções concentradas de ácido muriático e de soda cáustica. Não conseguindo remover uma “crosta” de sujeira usando essas soluções separadamente, ele preparou uma mistura, usando volumes iguais delas.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Sabendo que ácido muriático e soda cáustica são os nomes comerciais, respectivamente, do ácido clorídrico e do hidróxido de sódio, o funcionário terá sucesso em sua ultima tentativa de remover a sujeira?</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">a)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Não, pois na mistura as concentrações de ambos os produtos foram reduzidas à metade</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial;">b)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Não, pois ácido muriático e soda cáustica não são adequados para remover sujeira.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; line-height: 115%;">c)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; line-height: 115%;">Não, pois a mistura resultante é apenas uma solução de cloreto de sódio, podendo ainda conter ácido muriático ou soda cáustica excedente.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">d)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Sim, pois estarão sendo utilizadas as propriedades de ambos os produtos ao mesmo tempo.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">e)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Sim, desde que as concentrações molares [em mol/L] de ambos os produtos sejam idênticas.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">4-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> Três balões de borracha idênticos, designados por A, B e C, foram inflados com gases diferentes, obtendo-se balões do mesmo volume, com a mesma pressão interna e sob a mesma temperatura. O gás utilizado para encher o balão A foi o hélio (He), para o balão B foi argônio (Ar) e para o C foi o dióxido de carbono (CO<sub>2</sub>). Com relação aos balões é incorreto afirmar que:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">a)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Apenas o balão A ascenderá no ar, enquanto os balões B e C ficarão no chão.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">b)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Logo após encher os balões, a quantidade de moléculas no estado gasoso do balão A será maior do que a encontrada nos balões B e C.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">c)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Logo após encher os balões, a massa do balão A será menor do que a de B, que será menor que a de C</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">d)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Primeiramente ficará murcho o balão A, depois o B e por ultimo o C.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">e)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Os gases utilizados para encher os balões A e B são classificados como gases nobres devido à sua inércia química.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">5-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> EM um procedimento bastante comum, utiliza-se uma suspensão aquosa de sulfato de bário (BaSO<sub>4</sub>) como contraste para exames de raio X do sistema digestório. Essa suspensão é ingerida e após algumas horas são feitas chapas de raios-X da região do aparelho digestório a ser analisada. No primeiro semestre de 2003 pacientes que foram submetidos a esse procedimento e utilizaram um lote de determinado contraste apresentaram graves sintomas de intoxicação e cerca de 20 pessoas morreram, provavelmente em conseqüência de envenenamento por íons bário (Ba<sup>2+</sup>). As investigações indicaram que o lote se encontrava contaminado por carbonato de bário (BaCO<sub>3</sub>). Considerando as informações pode-se afirmar que a intoxicação</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">por íons bários (Ba<sup>2+</sup>) ocorreu devido à:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">a)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Dissociação do BaSO<sub>4</sub> em água, disponibilizando alta concentração de Ba²<sup>+</sup> livre em solução.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">b)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Solubilidade do BaCO<sub>3</sub> em água ser muito maior do que a do BaSO<sub>4</sub>, disponibilizando alta concentração de Ba<sup>2+</sup> livre em solução</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">c)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Reação entre ácido clorídrico (HCI) presente no estômago e o BaSO<sub>4</sub>, liberando grande quantidade de Ba<sup>2+</sup> livre em solução.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">d)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Presença do BaCO<sub>3</sub> que torna o BaSO<sub>4</sub> muito mais solúvel em água </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">e)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Reação entre o acido clorídrico (HCI) presente no estômago e o BaCO<sub>3</sub>, disponibilizando grande quantidade de Ba²+ livre em solução.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">(Dados: [Ba²+] considerada letal para o ser humano = 2 . 10<sup>-3</sup> mol/L de sangue;solubilidade do BaSO<sub>4 </sub>a 25 ºC = 10 . 10<sup>-5</sup> mol/L; solubilidade do BaCO<sub>3</sub> a 25 ºC = 9,0 . 10<sup>-5 </sup>mol/L; solubilidade do BaCl<sub>2</sub> a 25 º C = elevada.)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">6-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Produtos de limpeza indevidamente guardados ou manipulados estão entre as principais causas de acidentes domésticos. Leia o relato de uma pessoa que perdeu o olfato por ter misturado água sanitária, amoníaco e sabão em pó para limpar um banheiro: “A<i> mistura ferveu e começou a sair uma fumaça asfixiante</i>. Não conseguia respirar e meus olhos, nariz e garganta começaram a arder de maneira insuportável. Saí correndo à procura de uma janela aberta para poder voltar a respirar.” O trecho <i>destacado</i> poderia ser reescrito, em linguagem cientifica da seguinte forma: </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">a)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">As substâncias químicas presentes nos produtos de limpeza evaporaram</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">b)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Com a mistura química, houve produção de uma solução aquosa asfixiante</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">c)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">As substâncias sofreram transformações pelo contato com o oxigênio do ar.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">d)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Com a mistura, houve transformação química, que produziu rapidamente gases tóxicos.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">e)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Com a mistura, houve transformação química, evidenciada pela dissolução de um sólido.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">7-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Os acidentes de trânsito no Brasil são causados em sua maior parte por erro do motorista. Em boa parte deles, o motivo é o fato de dirigir após o consumo de bebida alcoólica. A ingestão de uma lata de cerveja provoca uma concentração de aproximadamente 0,3 g/L de álcool no sangue. A tabela a seguir mostra os efeitos sobre o corpo humano provocados por bebidas alcoólicas em função de níveis de concentração de álcool no sangue:</span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Concentração de álcool no sangue (g/L)</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> <b>Efeitos</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">0,1-0,5</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Sem influência aparente, ainda que com alterações clínicas</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">0,3-1,2</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Euforia suave, sociabilidade acentuada e queda de atenção</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">0,9-2,5</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Excitação, perda de julgamento crítico, queda de sensibilidade e das reações motoras</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">1,8-3,0</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Confusão mental e perda da coordenação motora</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">2,7-4,0</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Estupor, apatia, vômitos e desequilíbrio ao andar.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">3,5-5,0</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Coma e morte possível.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Uma pessoa que tenha tomado três latas de cerveja provavelmente apresenta:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">a)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Queda de atenção, de sensibilidade e das reações motoras.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">b)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Aparente normalidade, mas com alterações clínicas</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">c)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Confusão mental e falta de coordenação motora.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">d)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Disfunção digestiva e desequilíbrio ao andar.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">e)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Estupor e risco de parada respiratória.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">8-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">...Numa rodovia pavimentada, ocorreu o tombamento de um caminhão que transportava ácido sulfúrico concentrado. Parte de sua carga flui para um curso de água não poluído que deve ter sofrido como conseqüência:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">I.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Mortalidade de peixes acima da normal no local do derrame de ácido e em suas proximidades</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">II.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Variação do pH em função da distância e da direção da corrente de água.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">III.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Danos permanentes na qualidade de suas águas.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">IV.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Aumento momentâneo da temperatura da água no local do derrame.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">É correto afirmar que, dessas conseqüências, apenas podem ocorrer:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">a)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">I e II c) II e IV</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">b)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">II e III d) I,II e IV</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">9-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">A possível escassez de água é uma das maiores preocupações da atualidade, considerada por alguns especialistas como o desafio maior do novo século. No entanto, tão importante quanto aumentar a oferta é investir na preservação da qualidade e no reaproveitamento da água de que dispomos hoje.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">A ação humana tem provocado algumas alterações quantitativas e qualitativas da água:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">I.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Contaminação dos lençóis freáticos.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">II.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Diminuição da umidade do solo.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">III.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Enchentes e inundações</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Pode-se afirmar que as principais ações humanas associadas às alterações I, II e III, são respectivamente:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">a)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Uso de fertilizantes e aterros sanitários/lançamento de gases poluentes/canalização de córregos e rios.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">b)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Lançamentos de gases poluentes/lançamento de lixo nas ruas/construção de aterros sanitários.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">c)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Uso de fertilizantes e aterros sanitários/desmatamento/impermeabilização do solo urbano.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">d)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Lançamento de lixo nas ruas/uso de fertilizantes/construção de aterros sanitários.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">e)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Construção de barragens/uso de fertilizantes/construção de aterros sanitários.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">10 - Considere os seguintes acontecimentos ocorridos no Brasil:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">- Goiás, 1987 – Um equipamento contendo césio radioativo, utilizado em medicina nuclear, foi encontrado em depósito de sucatas e aberto, por pessoas que desconhecia o seu conteúdo. Resultado: mortes e conseqüências ambientais sentidas até hoje.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">- Distrito Federal, 1999 – Cilindros contendo cloro, gás bactericida utilizada em tratamento de água, encontrados em um depósito de sucatas, foram abertos por pessoa que desconhecia seu conteúdo. Resultado: mortes, intoxicações e conseqüências ambientais sentidas por várias horas.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Para evitar que novos acontecimentos dessa natureza venham a ocorrer, foram feitas as seguintes propostas para a atuação do Estado:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">I.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Proibir o uso de materiais radioativos e gases tóxicos</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">II.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Controlar rigorosamente a compra, uso e destino de materiais radioativos e de recipientes contendo gases tóxicos.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">III.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Instruir usuários sobre a utilização e descarte destes materiais.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">IV.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Realizar campanha de esclarecimentos à população sobre os riscos da radiação e da toxicidade de determinadas substâncias.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Dessas propostas, são adequadas apenas:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">a)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> I e II d) I,III e IV</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">b)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">I e III e) II,III e IV.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">c)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">II e III</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">11-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> A chuva em locais não poluídos é levemente ácida. Em locais onde os níveis de poluição são altos, os valores do pH da chuva podem ficar abaixo de 5,5 recebendo, então, a denominação de “chuva ácida”. Este tipo de chuva causa prejuízo nas mais diversas áreas: construção civil, agricultura, monumentos históricos, entre outras.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">A acidez da chuva está relacionada ao pH da seguinte forma: concentração de íons hidrogênio = 10 <sup>–ph</sup> , sendo que o pH pode assumir valores entre 0 e 14.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Ao realizar o monitoramento do pH da chuva em Campinas (SP) nos meses de março,abril e maio de 1998,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Um centro de pesquisas coletou 21 amostras, das quais quatro têm seus valores mostrados na tabela:</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Mês</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Amostra</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">pH</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Março</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">6<sup>a</sup></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">4</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Abril</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">8<sup>a</sup></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">5</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Abril</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">14<sup>a</sup></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">6</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Maio</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">18<sup>a</sup></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">7</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">A análise da fórmula e da tabela permite afirmar que:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">I.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Da 6ª para a 14ª amostra ocorreu um aumento de 50% na acidez.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">II.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">A 18º amostra é a menos ácida dentre as expostas.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">III.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">A 8º amostra é dez vezes mais ácida que a 14º.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">IV.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">As únicas amostras de chuvas denominadas ácidas são a 6º e a 8º</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">São corretas apenas as afirmativas:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">a)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">I e II</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">b)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">II e IV</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">c)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">I,II e IV</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">d)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">I,III e IV</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">e)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">II,III e IV</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">12-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> O protocolo de Kyoto – uma convenção das Nações Unidas que é marco sobre mudanças climáticas – estabelece que os países mais industrializados devem reduzir até <metricconverter productid="2012 a" w:st="on">2012 a</metricconverter> emissão dos gases causadores do efeito estufa em pelo menos 5% em relação aos níveis de 1990. Essa meta estabelece valores superiores ao mais de 120 países, incluindo nações industrializadas da Europa e da Ásia, já haviam ratificado o protocolo. No entanto, nos EUA, o presidente George W. Bush anunciou que o país não ratificaria “Kyoto”, com os argumentos que os custos prejudicariam a economia americana e que o acordo era pouco rigoroso com os países em desenvolvimento.</span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 13.9pt;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 24.55pt;"><td style="border-bottom: 1pt; border-left: 1pt solid; border-right: medium none; border-top: black 1pt solid; height: 24.55pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 107.7pt;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Países</span></b></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt; border-left: 1pt solid; border-right: medium none; border-top: black 1pt solid; height: 24.55pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 166.85pt;" valign="top" width="222"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Emissores de CO<sub>2</sub> desde 1950 (bilhões de toneladas)</span></b></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: black 1pt solid; height: 24.55pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 187.45pt;" valign="top" width="250"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"></span></a><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Emissões de CO<sub>2 </sub>per capita</span></b></div>
</div>
</td><td height="33" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 24.55pt;" width="0"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 19.4pt;"><td style="border-bottom: 1pt; border-left: 1pt solid; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 19.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 107.7pt;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Estados Unidos</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt; border-left: 1pt solid; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 19.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 166.85pt;" valign="top" width="222"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">186,1</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 19.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 187.45pt;" valign="top" width="250"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
<metricconverter productid="16 a" w:st="on"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">16 a</span></span></metricconverter><span style="font-family: Arial;"> 36</span></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<td height="26" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 19.4pt;" width="0"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span></td>
<tr style="height: 20.3pt;"><td style="border-bottom: 1pt; border-left: 1pt solid; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 20.3pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 107.7pt;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">União Européia</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt; border-left: 1pt solid; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 20.3pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 166.85pt;" valign="top" width="222"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">127,8</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 20.3pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 187.45pt;" valign="top" width="250"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
<metricconverter productid="7 a" w:st="on"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">7 a</span></span></metricconverter><span style="font-family: Arial;"> 16</span></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<td height="27" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 20.3pt;" width="0"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span></td>
<tr style="height: 20pt;"><td style="border-bottom: 1pt; border-left: 1pt solid; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 20pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 107.7pt;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Rússia</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt; border-left: 1pt solid; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 20pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 166.85pt;" valign="top" width="222"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">68,4</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 20pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 187.45pt;" valign="top" width="250"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
<metricconverter productid="7 a" w:st="on"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">7 a</span></span></metricconverter><span style="font-family: Arial;"> 16</span></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<td height="27" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 20pt;" width="0"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span></td>
<tr style="height: 19.1pt;"><td style="border-bottom: 1pt; border-left: 1pt solid; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 19.1pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 107.7pt;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">China</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt; border-left: 1pt solid; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 19.1pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 166.85pt;" valign="top" width="222"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">57,6</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt; border-left: 1pt solid; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: medium none; height: 19.1pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 187.45pt;" valign="top" width="250"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
<metricconverter productid="2,5 a" w:st="on"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">2,5 a</span></span></metricconverter><span style="font-family: Arial;"> 7</span></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<td height="25" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 19.1pt;" width="0"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span></td>
<tr style="height: 18.6pt;"><td style="border-bottom: 1pt; border-left: 1pt solid; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 18.6pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 107.7pt;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Japão</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt; border-left: 1pt solid; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 18.6pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 166.85pt;" valign="top" width="222"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">31,2</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 18.6pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 187.45pt;" valign="top" width="250"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
<metricconverter productid="7 a" w:st="on"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">7 a</span></span></metricconverter><span style="font-family: Arial;"> 16</span></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<td height="25" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 18.6pt;" width="0"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span></td>
<tr style="height: 19.45pt;"><td style="border-bottom: 1pt; border-left: 1pt solid; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 19.45pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 107.7pt;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Índia</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt; border-left: 1pt solid; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 19.45pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 166.85pt;" valign="top" width="222"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">15,5</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 19.45pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 187.45pt;" valign="top" width="250"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
<metricconverter productid="0,8 a" w:st="on"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">0,8 a</span></span></metricconverter><span style="font-family: Arial;"> 2,5</span></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<td height="26" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 19.45pt;" width="0"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span></td>
<tr style="height: 21.45pt;"><td style="border-bottom: 1pt; border-left: 1pt solid; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 21.45pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 107.7pt;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Polônia</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt; border-left: 1pt solid; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 21.45pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 166.85pt;" valign="top" width="222"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">14,4</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt; border-left: 1pt solid; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: medium none; height: 21.45pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 187.45pt;" valign="top" width="250"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
<metricconverter productid="7 a" w:st="on"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">7 a</span></span></metricconverter><span style="font-family: Arial;"> 16</span></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<td height="29" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 21.45pt;" width="0"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span></td>
<tr style="height: 19.7pt;"><td style="border-bottom: 1pt; border-left: 1pt solid; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 19.7pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 107.7pt;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">África do Sul</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt; border-left: 1pt solid; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 19.7pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 166.85pt;" valign="top" width="222"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">8,5</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 19.7pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 187.45pt;" valign="top" width="250"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
<metricconverter productid="7 a" w:st="on"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">7 a</span></span></metricconverter><span style="font-family: Arial;"> 16</span></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<td height="26" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 19.7pt;" width="0"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span></td>
<tr style="height: 20.6pt;"><td style="border-bottom: 1pt; border-left: 1pt solid; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 20.6pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 107.7pt;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">México</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt; border-left: 1pt solid; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 20.6pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 166.85pt;" valign="top" width="222"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">7,8</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt; border-left: 1pt solid; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: medium none; height: 20.6pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 187.45pt;" valign="top" width="250"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
<metricconverter productid="2,5 a" w:st="on"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">2,5 a</span></span></metricconverter><span style="font-family: Arial;"> 7</span></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<td height="27" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 20.6pt;" width="0"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span></td>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt;"><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: 1pt solid; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 20.1pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 107.7pt;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Brasil</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: 1pt solid; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 20.1pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 166.85pt;" valign="top" width="222"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">6,6</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: black 1pt solid; height: 20.1pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 187.45pt;" valign="top" width="250"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<metricconverter productid="0,8 a" w:st="on"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">0,8 a</span></span></metricconverter><span style="font-family: Arial;"> 2,5</span></div>
</td></tr>
<td height="27" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 20.1pt;" width="0"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span></td><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Considerando os dados da tabela, assinale a alternativa que representa um argumento que se contrapõe à justificativa dos EUA de que o acordo de Kyoto foi pouco rigoroso com países em desenvolvimento.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="PargrafodaLista" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">a)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">A emissão acumulada da União Européia está próxima à dos EUA.</span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="PargrafodaLista" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">b)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Nos países em desenvolvimento as emissões são equivalentes às do EUA</span></span></div>
<div class="PargrafodaLista" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">c)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">A emissão per capita da Rússia assemelha-se à da União Européia</span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="PargrafodaLista" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">d)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">As emissões de CO<sub>2</sub> nos países em desenvolvimento citados são muito baixas.</span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="PargrafodaLista" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">e)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">A África do Sul apresenta uma emissão anual per capita relativamente alta.</span></span></div>
<div class="PargrafodaLista" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="PargrafodaLista" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">13-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Segundo uma organização mundial de estudos ambientais em 2025, “ duas de cada três pessoas viverão situações de carência de água, caso não haja mudanças no padrão atual de consumo do produto”.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Uma alternativa adequada e viável para prevenir a escassez, considerando-se a disponibilidade global, seria:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">a)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Desenvolver processos de reutilização da água.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">b)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Explorar leitos de água subterrânea</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">c)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Ampliar a oferta de água, captando-a em outros rios</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">d)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Captar águas pluviais</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">e)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Importar águas doces de outros estados.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">14-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Quando definem moléculas, os livros geralmente apresentam conceitos como: “a menor parte da substância capaz de guardar suas propriedades”. A partir das definições desse tipo, a idéia transmitida ao estudante é a de que o constituinte isolado (moléculas) contém os atributos do todo.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">É como dizer que uma molécula de água possui densidade, pressão de vapor, tensão superficial, ponto de fusão, ponto de ebulição, etc. Tais propriedades pertencem ao conjunto, isto é, manifestam-se nas relações que as moléculas mantém entre si.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">O texto evidencia a chamada visão substancialista que ainda se encontra presente no ensino da Química. Abaixo estão relacionadas algumas afirmativas pertinentes ao assunto.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">I.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">O ouro é dourado, pois seus átomos são dourados.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">II.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Uma substância “macia” não pode ser feita de moléculas “rígidas”</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">III.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Uma substância pura possui pontos de ebulição e fusão constantes, em virtude das interações entre suas moléculas</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">IV.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">A expansão dos objetos como a temperatura ocorre porque os átomos se expandem.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Dessas afirmativas, estão apoiadas na visão substancialista criticada pelo autor apenas:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">a)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">I e II d) I,II e IV</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">b)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">III e IV e) II, III e IV</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">c)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">I, II e III.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">15-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Em usinas hidrelétricas, a queda-d’água, move turbinas que acionam geradores. Em usinas eólicas, os geradores são acionados por hélices movidas pelo vento. Na conversão direta solar-elétrica são células foto-voltaicas que produzem tensão elétrica. Além de todos produzirem eletricidade, esses processos têm em comum o fato de:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">a)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Não provocarem impacto ambiental.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">b)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Independerem de condições climáticas</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">c)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">A energia gerada poder ser armazenada</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">d)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Utilizarem fontes de energia renováveis</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">e)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Dependerem das reservas de combustíveis fósseis.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">16-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">A falta de água doce no planeta será, possivelmente, um dos mais graves problemas deste século. Prevê-se que, nos próximos vinte anos, a quantidade de água doce disponível para cada habitante será drasticamente reduzida. Por meio de seus diferentes usos e consumos, as atividades humanas interferem no ciclo da água, alterando:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">a)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">A quantidade total, mas não a qualidade da água disponível no planeta</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">b)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">A qualidade da água e sua quantidade disponível para o consumo das populações.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">c)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">A qualidade da água disponível apenas no subsolo terrestre.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">d)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Apenas a disponibilidade de água superficial existente nos rios e lagos</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">e)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">O regime de chuvas, mas não a quantidade de água disponível no planeta</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">17-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Considerando os custos e a importância da preservação dos recursos hídricos, uma indústria decidiu purificar parte da água que consome para reutilizá-la no processo industrial. De uma perspectiva econômica e ambiental, a iniciativa é importante porque esse processo:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">a)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Permite que toda a água seja devolvida limpa aos mananciais</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">b)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Diminui a quantidade de água adquirida e comprometida pelo uso industrial</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">c)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Reduz o prejuízo ambiental, aumentando o consumo de água</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">d)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Torna menor a evaporação de água e mantém o ciclo hidrológico inalterado.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">e)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Recupera o rio onde são lançadas as águas utilizadas.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">18-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">A caixinha utilizada em embalagens como as de leite “longa vida” é chamada de tetra brick, por ser composta de quatro camadas de diferentes materiais, incluindo alumínio e plástico, e ter a forma de um tijolo (brick em inglês). Esse material, quando descartado, pode levar até cem anos para se decompor. Considerando os impactos ambientais, seria mais adequado:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">a)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Utilizar soda cáustica para amolecer as embalagens e só então descartá-las.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">b)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Promover a coleta seletiva, de modo a reaproveitar as embalagens para outros fins.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">c)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Aumentar a capacidade de cada embalagem, ampliando a superfície de contato com o ar para sua decomposição.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">d)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Constituir um aterro específico de embalagens tetra brick, acondicionadas de forma a reduzir seu volume</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">e)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Proibir a fabricação de leite “longa vida”, considerando que esse tipo de embalagem não é adequado para</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">conservar o produto.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">19-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">O setor de transporte, que concentra uma grande parcela de demanda de energia no país, continuamente busca alternativas de combustíveis. Investigando alternativas ao óleo diesel, alguns especialistas apontam para o uso de óleo de girassol, menos poluente e de fonte renovável, ainda em fase experimental. Foi constatado que um trator pode rodar, nas mesmas condições, mais tempo com um litro de óleo de girassol que com um litro de óleo diesel. Essa constatação significaria, portanto, que usando óleo de girassol:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">a)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">O consumo por quilômetro seria maior do que com óleo diesel</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">b)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">As velocidades atingidas seriam maiores do que com óleo diesel</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">c)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">O combustível do tanque acabaria em menos tempo do que com o óleo diesel</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">d)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">A potência desenvolvida pelo motor em uma hora seria menor do que com óleo diesel.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">e)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">A energia liberada por um litro desse combustível seria maior do que por um de óleo diesel.</span></span></div>
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<b>GABARITO</b></div>
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<b>01 - E 11 - E</b></div>
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<b>02 - A 12 - D</b></div>
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<b>03 - C 13 - A</b></div>
<b>04 - B 14 - D</b><br />
<b>05 - E 15 - D</b><br />
<b>06 - D 16 - B</b><br />
<b>07 - A 17 - B</b><br />
<b>08 - D 18 - B</b><br />
<b>09 - C 19 - E</b><br />
<b>10 - E</b></div>
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QUÍMICAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14749727747699487606noreply@blogger.com0